WELCOME TO HISTOPATHOLOGY & CYTOLOGY
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Introduction
The Histopathology and Cytology Unit is comprised of two subunits: Histopathology and Cytology.
The Histopathology Subunit provides routine diagnostic histopathology services, including special staining procedures such as histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization-Her2
The Cytology Subunit offers diagnostic services for both gynaecologic and non-gynaecologic specimens. In addition, this unit provides appointment-based services for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) samples
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List of Available Test
Routine Test:
SUBUNIT ROUTINE TEST Histopathology
- Routine Diagnostic
- Histochemistry
- Immunohistochemistry
Histopathology- Molecular- Fluorescent In- Situ Hybridization-Her2 (Her2 FISH)
Cytology
- Non- Gynaecologic Cytologic
- Bile duct brushings
- Bronchiole brushings and washings
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Esophageal brushing
- Gastric brushing
- Pericardial fluid
- Peritoneal fluid
- Pleural fluid
- Sputum cytology
- Urinary tract specimen
- Nipple discharge
- Fluid from breast mass
- Gynaecologic Cytology
- Cervical smear
Appointment:
SUBUNIT ROUTINE TEST Cytology
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
- Appointments must be made at least 24 hours prior to the procedure.
- FNAC appointments may be scheduled during office hours, but urgent or special cases will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
- Appointments are to be arranged by contacting the pathologist, and the Histopathology Laboratory must be notified once the date and time of the appointment have been mutually confirmed.
*Note: The cytology tests are not MS ISO 15189 accredited.
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Sampel Collection and Transportations
Histopathology
TYPES OF SAMPLE COLLECTION AND REQUIREMENT FIXATIVE Fixed specimen
- All tissues should be immersed immediately in fixative (10% neutral buffered formalin) in a properly closed container and labeled with patient identification.
- Recommended ratio of specimen size to fixative volume is 1:10.
- All tissues should be sent to the laboratory as soon as possible.
WITH fixative
Fresh specimen
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Fresh tissue must be sent directly from the operation theatre within 1 hour (without delay) during office hours only.
WITHOUT fixative
Fresh specimen
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If operation ends after 4.00pm, the specimen must be immediately placed into 10% neutral buffered formalin.
WITH fixative
Cytology
TYPES OF SAMPLE COLLECTION AND REQUIREMENT FIXATIVE Body fluid
- Specimen is collected into sterile containers and labeled with patient identification.
- Specimen should be sent immediately to the laboratory at the same day of collection.
- If the specimen cannot be delivered immediately, it should be kept refrigerated at 2 - 8 °C (DO NOT FREEZE).
WITHOUT fixative
Brushing
- Thin layer of smear is attached onto a clean slide, which has been labeled with patient’s identification.
The slide is preserved immediately with 95% alcohol or spray fixative.
Cervical smear
- Smear is attached onto a slide which has been labeled with patient’s identification.
- The labeling should be written at frosted-end with using 2B pencils.
The slide is preserved immediately in a container containing 95% alcohol or fixed with spray fixative.
FNAC
- Sample is taken by the Pathologist / Clinical Specialist / Medical Officer directly from patients.
- Smearing is done to several slides which has been labeled with patient’s identification.
Some of the slides are preserved immediately with 95% alcohol and the rest are air dried.
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Sample Submission
Histopathology
- All specimens sent to CDL must be accompanied by two (2) copies of the request form, which must be clearly completed with the patient’s information, clinical history, and the date/time of specimen collection. Request forms are available from CDL upon request. Request forms from other institutions are also accepted.
- Both the specimen and the request form must carry identical patient identification details to ensure proper matching and traceability.
- All urgent test requests should be clearly indicated by writing the word 'URGENT' at the top section of the request form
- The clinic, ward, and department to which the results should be dispatched must be clearly stated in the 'Location' column of the request form.
- Fresh specimens from the operation theatre must be delivered directly to the laboratory by 4:00 PM on the same day, to allow for immediate examination and appropriate grossing while the specimen is still fresh.
- Specimens collected after 4:00 PM may be sent the following working day morning, provided they have been immersed in an appropriate fixative (10% buffered formalin).
- Routine specimens properly fixed with an appropriate fixative (10% buffered formalin) may be submitted to the CDL counter at any time during office hours.
- All specimens must be registered in the CARE2X system before being sent to the laboratory.
Histopathology- Molecular
- Requests must be submitted via a formal HER2 FISH test application memo to the laboratory. The memo must include comprehensive patient information (such as name, identification number, PID number, and clinical diagnosis), as well as complete specimen details.
- The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block must be clearly labelled and must match the specimen details stated in the memo.
- Payment for the test must be made prior to sending the specimen to the laboratory. A copy of the payment receipt must be attached along with the memo and the FFPE tissue block.
Cytology
- All specimens sent to CDL must be accompanied by two (2) copies of the request form, which must be clearly completed with the patient’s information, clinical history, and the date/time of specimen collection. Request forms are available from CDL upon request. Request forms from other institutions are also accepted.
- Both the specimen and the request form must carry identical patient identification details to ensure proper matching and traceability.
- All urgent test requests should be clearly indicated by writing the word 'URGENT' at the top section of the request form
- The clinic, ward, and department to which the results should be dispatched must be clearly stated in the 'Location' column of the request form.
- Specimens must be delivered in a fresh state, without the use of any fixative
- Collected specimens must be sent to the laboratory as soon as possible. If immediate delivery is not feasible, the specimens must be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8°C.
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Acceptance Criteria for Additional Test
- Requests should be made by the requesting doctors.
- Requests can only be accepted if the sample is sufficient and relevant to the cases.
- Requests should be accepted by pathologist.
*Note: The verbal request should be followed by request form / memo (if necessary)
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Slide/Paraffin Block/Grossed Tissue Specimen Request
Slide/ paraffin block request
- Written request/ memo shall be made and sent by requesting doctor to the Pathologist.in-charge for approval for the release of slide/ tissue block
*Patient information, diagnosis and purpose of request shall be stated clearly. - Staff of Histopathology and Cytology Unit shall pack the slide/ paraffin block upon approval by the pathologist in-charge.
- The requester shall collect the package directly from the laboratory and sign in the Movement of Sample Material (PPUSMB/CDL/QR-27(22)) for record purpose
- Slide/ block shall be return back to the laboratory upon completion of the purpose of request.
- Staff in-charge that has received the returned Slide/ Tissue Block must record in the Movement of Sample Material (PPUSMB/CDL/QR-27(22)) for record purpose.
Grossed tissue request
- Written request/ memo shall be made and sent by requesting doctor to the Pathologist in-charge for approval for the release of slide/ tissue block.
- Upon obtaining approval from the pathologist in-charge, the requester shall fill up the ‘Borang Permohonan Mengambil Balik Spesimen Tisu’ request form.
- The requester shall be informed of all safety hazards related to the handling of tissue specimens.
- The requester shall be informed that Histopathology and Cytology Unit will not be held liable for any subsequent issues after the Grossed Tissue Specimen has been released and that the requester shall bear full responsibility of the released Grossed Tissue Specimen.
- Upon approval of the request form by the pathologist in-charge, the grossed tissue specimen will be packed well in a suitable and airtight labelled container.
- The requester will be informed that the Grossed Tissue Specimen is ready for collection.
- The requester shall collect the item directly from the laboratory and sign in the Movement of Sample Material (PPUSMB/CDL/QR-27(22)) for record purpose.
- Written request/ memo shall be made and sent by requesting doctor to the Pathologist.in-charge for approval for the release of slide/ tissue block
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Turn Around Time (TAT)
Case Turn Around Time Case:Histopathology
Turn Around Time:Results for simple cases (the cases which the diagnosis is based on Haematoxylin and Eosin only) will be released within 7 working days from the day of receiving.
(Note: Result for urgent cases will be released within 4 working days.)Case:Histopathology
Turn Around Time:Results for complex cases (the cases which the diagnosis require additional test such as Immunohistochemistry test, Histochemistry test or other related) will be released within 14 working days from the day of receiving.
(Note: Result for urgent cases will be released within 10 working days)Case:Histopathology
Turn Around Time:Result for second opinion will be release within 28 days from the sending date of the referral case.
Case:Histopathology -Molecular
Turn Around Time:Results for Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) testing will be released within 10 working days from the date of registration.
Case:Cytology
Turn Around Time:Results for gynaecologic test will be released within 10 working days from the day of receiving.
Case:Cytology
Turn Around Time:Results for non-gynaecologic tests will be released within 5 working days from the day of receipt.
Results for non-gynaecological tests requiring additional procedures—such as cell block preparation, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, or other related tests—will be released within 10 working days from the date of receipt
Case:Cytology
Turn Around Time:Results for FNAC test will be released within 10 working days from the day of receipt.
Results for FNAC test which the diagnosis require additional tests such as cell block preparation, Immunohistochemistry test, Histochemistry test or other related will be released within 14 working days from the day of receiving.
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Referral Laboratory/Consultant
Referral cases will be sent to the appointed referral laboratory / consultant according to required situations. The referral request letter will be attached with packed tissue block / slides and a copy of the patient request form. The preliminary report can be sent if it is available and necessary. The final report from the referral laboratory / consultant will be dispatched to the requesting doctor.
- Department of Pathology,
School of Medical Science,
Health Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
16150 Kota Bharu,
Kelantan, Malaysia.
09-7676441
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. https://medic.usm.my/pathology/index.php
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Unit Histopatologi,
Jabatan Patologi,
Hospital Pulau Pinang,
10990 Georgetown,
Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 04-2225333This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. https://jknpenang.moh.gov.my/hpp/ -
Jabatan Patologi,
Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim,
Jalan Lencongan Timur,
Bandar aman Jaya,
08000 Sungai Petani,
Kedah, Malaysia
04-4457333
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. https://hsah.moh.gov.my/index.php
- Department of Pathology,







